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INTRODUCTION
 The Brain requires a constant supply of oxygenated
blood and glucose to function. Interruption of this
supply will cause loss of consciousness within a few
seconds and permanent brain damage in minutes.
MEANING OF CONSCIOUSNESS
 Consciousness is a state of being wakeful and aware of
self, environment and time
MEANING OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS
 Unconsciousness is an abnormal state resulting from
disturbance of sensory perception to the extent that
the patient is not aware of what is happening around
him or her.
LEVELS OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS
Excitatory Unconsciousness
Stupor
Fainting
Somnolent
Coma
Vegetative Stage
COMA
‘Coma’- Greek word - Koma –deep sleep
A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in
which a person can not be awakened, fails to respond
normally to painful stimuli, light or sound; lacks a
normal wake sleep cycle and does not initiate
voluntary action.
CAUSES
 Traumatic Brain injuries
 Stroke
 Tumors
 Diabetes
 Lack of Oxygen
 Infections
 Seizures
 Drugs and Alcohol
 Medically induced Coma
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Unresponsive
 Unaware of surroundings
 Unable to open the eyes
 Pupils not responding to light
 Irregular breathing
 Inability to speak or move parts
 Incontinence
 GCS score 3-8
ASSESSMENT
G.C.S. (eye + verbal +motor).
Vital signs
Pupil – size and reaction.
Limb movement and tendon reflex. etc
PUPIL REACTION
DIAGNOSIS
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 The goal of medical managementare to preserve
brain function and prevent further damage.
Ventilatory support
Oxygen therapy
Management of blood pressure
Management of fluid balance
Management of seizures : anti epileptic sedatives,
paralytic agents
Contd…
Treating Increased ICP : mannitol, corticosteroids
Management of temperature regulation (fever): ice
packs, tepid sponging, Antipyretics, NSAIDS
 Management of elimination : laxatives
Management of nutrition: TPN and RT feeds
 DVT prophylaxis
COMPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILITY
Skin: - Pressure sore, laceration.
Respiratory: - Hypostatic pneumonia, pulmonary.
Embolism.
C.V. complications: - DVT, postural hypotension,
thromboembolism.
G.I. system: - Paralytic ilius, constipation, distention.
Urological: - UTI, stone.
Musculoskeletal: - Contracture, osteoporosis,
dystrophy, weakness.
Neurological: - Foot drop.
Psychological: - Anxiety, depression
NURSING MANAGEMENT
MAINTAINING PATENT AIRWAY
 Elevating head end of
the bed
 Positioning the
patient
 Endotracheal tube or
tracheostomy
 Chest physiotherapy
 Suctioning
SUCTIONING
TRACHEOSTOMY CARE
PROTECTING THE CLIENT
 Side rails
 Take care to avoid any
injury
 Protect from external
sources of heat
 Avoid over sedation
 Assess for need of restrain
SKIN INTEGRITY
 Assessing the skin
 Hygiene
 Back care
 Prevention of Bed sores
Positioning
Comfort devices
 Nutrition
Contd…
NUTRITION
TPN (Total Parenteral nutrition)
Enteral feeding via Nasogastric, nasojejunal or PEG
tube
Intravenous fluids (Max 72 hrs)
EYE CARE
 Observe
 Cleaning
 Eye drops
 Eye Pad
ORAL CARE
 Chlorhexidine based
solution
 Airway should be
removed
 Minimum of four-hourly
 Protect Gingiva
CARE OF BOWEL
 Assess for constipation
 Auscultate bowel sounds
 Stool softeners or
laxatives
 Fiber Diet
CARE OF BLADDER
 Assess for bladder
distention
 Bladder catheterization
 Catheter Care
FOOT CARE
Prevention of DVT
Prevention of Contractures
Prevention of Foot drop
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
1. Patient : Encourage Sensory stimulation
Playing music/radio/CD/TV
Reading a book
Bring perfumed flowers
2. Family
PREVENTION OF HAI
FAST HUG MNEMONIC
 F – Feeding
 A – Analgesia
 S – Sedation (scale??)
 T – Thromboembolic prophylaxis
 H – Head of bed elevation
 U – Stress ulcer prevention
 G – Glucose control
Final Care of Comatose Patient (1).pptx

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Final Care of Comatose Patient (1).pptx

  • 1.
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  The Brain requires a constant supply of oxygenated blood and glucose to function. Interruption of this supply will cause loss of consciousness within a few seconds and permanent brain damage in minutes.
  • 3. MEANING OF CONSCIOUSNESS  Consciousness is a state of being wakeful and aware of self, environment and time
  • 4. MEANING OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS  Unconsciousness is an abnormal state resulting from disturbance of sensory perception to the extent that the patient is not aware of what is happening around him or her.
  • 5. LEVELS OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS Excitatory Unconsciousness Stupor Fainting Somnolent Coma Vegetative Stage
  • 6. COMA ‘Coma’- Greek word - Koma –deep sleep A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person can not be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light or sound; lacks a normal wake sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary action.
  • 7. CAUSES  Traumatic Brain injuries  Stroke  Tumors  Diabetes  Lack of Oxygen  Infections  Seizures  Drugs and Alcohol  Medically induced Coma
  • 8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS  Unresponsive  Unaware of surroundings  Unable to open the eyes  Pupils not responding to light  Irregular breathing  Inability to speak or move parts  Incontinence  GCS score 3-8
  • 9. ASSESSMENT G.C.S. (eye + verbal +motor). Vital signs Pupil – size and reaction. Limb movement and tendon reflex. etc
  • 10.
  • 12.
  • 15. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT  The goal of medical managementare to preserve brain function and prevent further damage. Ventilatory support Oxygen therapy Management of blood pressure Management of fluid balance Management of seizures : anti epileptic sedatives, paralytic agents
  • 16. Contd… Treating Increased ICP : mannitol, corticosteroids Management of temperature regulation (fever): ice packs, tepid sponging, Antipyretics, NSAIDS  Management of elimination : laxatives Management of nutrition: TPN and RT feeds  DVT prophylaxis
  • 17. COMPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILITY Skin: - Pressure sore, laceration. Respiratory: - Hypostatic pneumonia, pulmonary. Embolism. C.V. complications: - DVT, postural hypotension, thromboembolism. G.I. system: - Paralytic ilius, constipation, distention. Urological: - UTI, stone. Musculoskeletal: - Contracture, osteoporosis, dystrophy, weakness. Neurological: - Foot drop. Psychological: - Anxiety, depression
  • 19. MAINTAINING PATENT AIRWAY  Elevating head end of the bed  Positioning the patient  Endotracheal tube or tracheostomy  Chest physiotherapy  Suctioning
  • 22. PROTECTING THE CLIENT  Side rails  Take care to avoid any injury  Protect from external sources of heat  Avoid over sedation  Assess for need of restrain
  • 23. SKIN INTEGRITY  Assessing the skin  Hygiene  Back care  Prevention of Bed sores Positioning Comfort devices  Nutrition
  • 25. NUTRITION TPN (Total Parenteral nutrition) Enteral feeding via Nasogastric, nasojejunal or PEG tube Intravenous fluids (Max 72 hrs)
  • 26. EYE CARE  Observe  Cleaning  Eye drops  Eye Pad
  • 27. ORAL CARE  Chlorhexidine based solution  Airway should be removed  Minimum of four-hourly  Protect Gingiva
  • 28. CARE OF BOWEL  Assess for constipation  Auscultate bowel sounds  Stool softeners or laxatives  Fiber Diet
  • 29. CARE OF BLADDER  Assess for bladder distention  Bladder catheterization  Catheter Care
  • 30. FOOT CARE Prevention of DVT Prevention of Contractures Prevention of Foot drop
  • 31. PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT 1. Patient : Encourage Sensory stimulation Playing music/radio/CD/TV Reading a book Bring perfumed flowers 2. Family
  • 33. FAST HUG MNEMONIC  F – Feeding  A – Analgesia  S – Sedation (scale??)  T – Thromboembolic prophylaxis  H – Head of bed elevation  U – Stress ulcer prevention  G – Glucose control